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ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
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ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
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FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
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INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
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match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form '[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+|[-+=][0-7]+'.
Examples:
%s -12 file1 file2 Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort -> "sort"
%s include/stdio.h .h -> "stdio"
%s -s .h include/stdio.h -> "stdio"
%s -a any/str1 any/str2 -> "str1" followed by "str2"
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Examples:
Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to a date
$ date --date='@2147483647'
Show the time on the west coast of the US (use tzselect(1) to find TZ)
$ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date
Show the local time for 9AM next Friday on the west coast of the US
$ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Exit status:
0 if OK,
1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that if you use rm to remove a file, it might be possible to recover
some of its contents, given sufficient expertise and/or time. For greater
assurance that the contents are truly unrecoverable, consider using shred.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Otherwise MODE is a number which may be followed by one of the following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
In this case the corresponding stream will be fully buffered with the buffer
size set to MODE bytes.
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
(useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
??? --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-c (ignored)
-C, --compare compare each pair of source and destination files, and
in some cases, do not modify the destination at all
-d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all
components of the specified directories
--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once;
for more use temp files
--complement complement the set of selected bytes, characters
or fields
--debug annotate the part of the line used to sort,
and warn about questionable usage to stderr
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
-h, --no-dereference affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file
--from=CURRENT_OWNER:CURRENT_GROUP
change the owner and/or group of each file only if
its current owner and/or group match those specified
here. Either may be omitted, in which case a match
is not required for the omitted attribute
--help display this help and exit
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat '/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on '/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
--sort=WORD sort according to WORD:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text
--sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files. See below
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g., 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H
%l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE], --pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]
begin [stop] printing with page FIRST_[LAST_]PAGE
-COLUMN, --columns=COLUMN
output COLUMN columns and print columns down,
unless -a is used. Balance number of lines in the
columns on each page
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --logical use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks
-P, --physical avoid all symlinks
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively
--reflink[=WHEN] control clone/CoW copies. See below
--remove-destination remove each existing destination file before
attempting to open it (contrast with --force)
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-T, --omit-pagination
omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination
by form feeds set in input files
-v, --show-nonprinting
use octal backslash notation
-w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for
multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always,
truncate lines, except -J option is set, no interference
with -S or -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time
-f (ignored)
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..
--author with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--attributes-only don't copy the file data, just the attributes
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --multiple support multiple arguments and treat each as a NAME
-s, --suffix=SUFFIX remove a trailing SUFFIX; implies -a
-z, --zero end each output line with NUL, not newline
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG;
decompress them with PROG -d
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --decode decode data
-i, --ignore-garbage when decoding, ignore non-alphabet characters
-w, --wrap=COLS wrap encoded lines after COLS character (default 76).
Use 0 to disable line wrapping
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-d, --directory create a directory, not a file
-u, --dry-run do not create anything; merely print a name (unsafe)
-q, --quiet suppress diagnostics about file/dir-creation failure
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N overwrite N times instead of the default (%d)
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-h, --header=HEADER
use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header,
-h "" prints a blank line, don't use -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-J, --join-lines merge full lines, turns off -W line truncation, no column
alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
timestamps of a symlink)
-m change only the modification time
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-i, --input=MODE adjust standard input stream buffering
-o, --output=MODE adjust standard output stream buffering
-e, --error=MODE adjust standard error stream buffering
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --link hard link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --mode=MODE set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB),
default counting starts with 1st line of input file
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first
page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not
affect -w or -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
omit warning when a file cannot be opened
-o, --io-blocks treat SIZE as number of IO blocks instead of bytes
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:
mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
all
-p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files
to corresponding destination files
-s, --strip strip symbol tables
--strip-program=PROGRAM program used to strip binaries
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-t sort by modification time, newest first
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
--parallel=N change the number of sorts run concurrently to N
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-v FILENUM like -a FILENUM, but suppress joined output lines
-1 FIELD join on this FIELD of file 1
-2 FIELD join on this FIELD of file 2
--check-order check that the input is correctly sorted, even
if all input lines are pairable
--nocheck-order do not check that the input is correctly sorted
--header treat the first line in each file as field headers,
print them without trying to pair them
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
File: "%n"
ID: %-8i Namelen: %-7l Type: %T
Block size: %-10s Fundamental block size: %S
Blocks: Total: %-10b Free: %-10f Available: %a
Inodes: Total: %-10c Free: %d
File: %N
Size: %-10s Blocks: %-10b IO Block: %-6o %F
Processes in
an uninterruptible sleep state also contribute to the load average.
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
direct use direct I/O for data
directory fail unless a directory
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
excl fail if the output file already exists
nocreat do not create the output file
notrunc do not truncate the output file
noerror continue after read errors
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
noatime do not update access time
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
(backup: %s) * [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
??:???? TTY context=%s groups= old on repetition %s
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has unknown file type %s has unusable, apparently negative size %s home page: <%s>
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s may be used only on a SELinux kernel %s was specified but %s was not %s%s argument '%s' too large %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot determine file size %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to get extents info %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file type %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s: write failed %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: invalid zero-length file name %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s ' (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f --%s argument %s too large --context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel --filter does not process a chunk extracted to stdout --reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Access: %x
Modify: %y
Change: %z
Birth: %w
Access: (%04a/%10.10A) Uid: (%5u/%8U) Gid: (%5g/%8G)
Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Avail Available Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Broken pipe Bus error CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Capacity Change the SELinux security context of each FILE to CONTEXT.
With --reference, change the security context of each FILE to that of RFILE.
Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Context: %C
Continued Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Device: %Dh/%dd Inode: %-10i Links: %-5h Device type: %t,%T
Device: %Dh/%dd Inode: %-10i Links: %h
Diagnose invalid or unportable file names.
-p check for most POSIX systems
-P check for empty names and leading "-"
--portability check for all POSIX systems (equivalent to -p -P)
Directory: Dmitry V. Levin EMT trap EXIT Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Eric Blake Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. File size limit exceeded Files are created u+rw, and directories u+rwx, minus umask restrictions.
Filesystem Floating point exception Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Hangup I/O possible IDLE IFree IUse% IUsed Ian Lance Taylor Idle If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Illegal instruction In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Information request Inodes Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE LOGIN Login Login name: Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker Mounted on NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Ordering options:
Other options:
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output platform dependent limits in a format useful for shell scripts.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Parameter string not correctly encoded Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print group memberships for each USERNAME or, if no USERNAME is specified, for
the current process (which may differ if the groups database has changed).
Print information about users who are currently logged in.
Print machine architecture.
Print the current time, the length of time the system has been up,
the number of users on the system, and the average number of jobs
in the run queue over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes. Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the number of processing units available to the current process,
which may be less than the number of online processors
Print the prime factors of each specified integer NUMBER. If none
are specified on the command line, read them from standard input.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Regular expression too big Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore each failure that is solely because a directory
is non-empty
Report %s bugs to: %s
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Segmentation fault Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Simon Josefsson Size Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stack fault Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trace/breakpoint trap Trailing backslash Two strings must be given when both deleting and squeezing repeats. Two strings must be given when translating. Type Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched \{ Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s OPTION... COMMAND
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] DURATION COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]...
Print the values of the specified environment VARIABLE(s).
If no VARIABLE is specified, print name and value pairs for them all.
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
Use% Used User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Valid arguments are: Virtual timer expired WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
WARNING: ignoring --preserve-context; this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --strip-program option as -s option was not specified Warning: When Where Window changed With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes tail to track the
named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^ no match for key
^[nN] ^[yY] ` a command must be given with an adjustment ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields appending output to %s backup type block special file block special files not supported blocks both files cannot be standard input can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine direct and nocache cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot create temporary file in %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot determine location of %s. reverting to polling cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot get the size of %s cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve extended attributes, cp is built without xattr support cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot run %s cannot set %s cannot set date cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify --null (-0) with command cannot specify both printing across and printing in parallel cannot specify number of columns when printing in parallel cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot stat standard input cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot unset %s cannot watch %s cannot watch parent directory of %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s from %s to %s
changed ownership of %s from %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing input pipe closing output file %s closing output pipe closing prior pipe closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given could not set buffering of %s to mode %s
couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero door empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error reading inotify event error waiting for command error writing %s executing with FILE=%s
exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to canonicalize %s failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s from %s to %s
failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s from %04lo (%s) to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s from %s to %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s from %s failed to close %s failed to close input pipe failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create hard link %s failed to create hard link %s => %s failed to create hard link to %.0s%s failed to create pipe failed to create security context: %s failed to create symbolic link %s failed to create symbolic link %s -> %s failed to discard cache for: %s failed to extend %s failed to find %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to get supplemental groups failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to render standard input unusable failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to run command: "%s -c %s" failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set FILE environment variable failed to set default file creation context for %s failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set the security context of %s failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s failed to turn off O_DIRECT: %s failed to update the environment with %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fifo file %d is not in sorted order file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from file operands cannot be combined with --print-database (-p) file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format %s ends in %% format %s has no %% directive format %s has too many %% directives format %s has unknown %%%c directive format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed fts_read failed: %s getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling inotify resources exhausted input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument '%s' invalid --%s argument %s invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid buffering mode %s for %s
invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid flags in conversion specification: %%%c%c invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid integer %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number at field start invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid suffix %s, contains directory separator invalid suffix in %s%s argument '%s' invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) key %lu has zero width and will be ignored key %lu is numeric and spans multiple fields last= limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line buffering stdin is meaningless line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow maximum --%s argument with current rlimit is %s memory exhausted message queue minimum --%s argument is %s misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed from %04lo (%s) to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
moving input pipe multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple relative modifiers specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users multiplexed block special file multiplexed character special file multiplexed file named file neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no input from %s no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l non-integer argument nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in parallel must be nonzero offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed option used in invalid context -- %c options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --preserve-timestamps are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --strip are mutually exclusive output file suffixes exhausted overflow extending size of file %s overflow rounding up size of file %s ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page number overflow page width too narrow port preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless read error read failed reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link system boot tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --compare (-C) option is ignored when you specify a mode with non-permission bits the --quiet option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --strict option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strings compared were %s and %s the strip option may not be used when installing a directory the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total traversal failed: %s typed memory object unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unexpected failure: fts_info=%d: %s
please report to %s unknown program %s unknown status from command (0x%X) unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s up %ld day %2d:%02d, up %ld days %2d:%02d, up ???? days ??:??, use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe using %s sorting rules using %s to denote standard input does not work in file system mode using simple byte comparison waiting for %s [-d] waiting for child process waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot remove: %s warning: disabling core dumps failed warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: timer_create warning: timer_settime warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating with string1 longer than string2,
the latter string must not end with a character class will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory with --suffix, template %s must end in X with FILE=%s, exit %d from command: %s with FILE=%s, signal %s from command: %s write error write error for %s write failed writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields you must specify a relative %s with %s you must specify either %s or %s Project-Id-Version: GNU coreutils 8.23-pre1
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2018-07-01 17:59-0700
PO-Revision-Date: 2014-11-07 09:47+0000
Last-Translator: Yasuaki Taniguchi
Language-Team: Japanese
Language: ja
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Bugs: Report translation errors to the Language-Team address.
Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;
( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION ãç
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION ãåœ
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 EXPRESSION1 ãš EXPRESSION2 ã®äž¡æ¹ãç
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 EXPRESSION1 ãš EXPRESSION2 ã®ãããããç
--check-order å
šãŠã®è¡ã®çµã¿åãããäžèŽããŠããŠããæ£ãã
ãœãŒããããŠãããã確èªãã
--nocheck-order å
¥åãæ£ãããœãŒããããŠãããã確èªããªã
-1 1åç®ãææ¢ãã (FILE1 ã®ã¿ã«å«ãŸããè¡)
-2 2åç®ãææ¢ãã (FILE2 ã®ã¿ã«å«ãŸããè¡)
-3 3åç®ãææ¢ãã (äž¡æ¹ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã«å«ãŸããè¡)
-a, --all -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u ãšåã
-b, --boot æåŸã«ã·ã¹ãã ãèµ·åããæå»
-d, --dead çµäºããããã»ã¹ã衚瀺
-H, --heading ãããè¡ã衚瀺
-b FILE FILE ãååšãããã€ãããã¯ããã€ã¹ã§ãã
-c FILE FILE ãååšãããã€ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ããã€ã¹ã§ãã
-d FILE FILE ãååšãããã€ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã§ãã
-e FILE FILE ãååšãã
-l æå®ããããŠãŒã¶ã«å¯ŸããŠé·åœ¢åŒã§åºå
-b é·åœ¢åŒã§ãŠãŒã¶ã®ããŒã ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãšã·ã§ã«ãçç¥
-h é·åœ¢åŒã§ãŠãŒã¶ã®ãããžã§ã¯ããã¡ã€ã«ãçç¥
-p é·åœ¢åŒã§ãŠãŒã¶ã®ãã©ã³ãã¡ã€ã«ãçç¥
-s ç圢åŒã§åºå (æšæº)
-n STRING STRING ã®é·ãã 0 ã§ãªã
STRING -n STRING ãšç䟡
-z STRING STRING ã®é·ãã 0
STRING1 = STRING2 äž¡æ¹ã®æååãçãã
STRING1 != STRING2 äž¡æ¹ã®æååãçãããªã
ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 ãš ARG2 ã®æãç®
ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 ã® ARG2 ã«ããå²ãç®
ARG1 % ARG2 ARG1 ã® ARG2 ã«ããå²ãç®ã®ããŸã
ARG1 + ARG2 ARG1 ãš ARG2 ã®è¶³ãç®
ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 ãš ARG2 ã®åŒãç®
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 ã ARG2 ããå°ãã
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 ã ARG2 ããå°ãããçãã
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 ã ARG2 ãšçãã
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 ã ARG2 ãšçãããªã
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 ã ARG2 ãã倧ãããçãã
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 ã ARG2 ãã倧ãã
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 ãš FILE2 ãåãããã€ã¹ã§ inode ãçãã
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 ã FILE2 ãã (æŽæ°ãããæå»ã) æ°ãã
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 ã FILE2 ããå€ã
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 ã INTEGER2 ã«çãã
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 ã INTEGER2 以äž
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 ã INTEGER2 ãã倧ãã
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 ã INTEGER2 以äž
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 ã INTEGER2 æªæº
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 ã INTEGER2 ã«çãããªã
STRING : REGEXP STRING ã«ãããæ£èŠè¡šçŸ REGEXP ã«ãããã¿ãŒã³ç
§å
match STRING REGEXP STRING : REGEXP ãšåã
substr STRING POS LENGTH STRING ã®éšåæååãè¿ã, POS 㯠1ããå§ãŸã
index STRING CHARS STRING ãã CHARS ãèŠã€ãã£ãå Žæãè¿ã.
èŠã€ãããªããã° 0
length STRING STRING ã®é·ã
b ãããã¯å(ãããã¡ãªã³ã°ããã)ã¹ãã·ã£ã«ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœæ
c, u ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿å(ãããã¡ãªã³ã°ãããªã)ã¹ãã·ã£ã«ãã¡ã€ã«ãäœæ
p ååã€ããã€ããäœæ
ãŠãŒã¶æ°=%lu
ãã£ãŒã«ããšã¯ç©ºçœé¡æå (éåžžã¯ã¹ããŒã¹ãšã¿ã) ããŸãšãŸã£ãŠããããã®åŸã«é空çœé¡æå
ããããã®ã§ããæåã®åã®ãã£ãŒã«ãã¯ã¹ããããããŸãã
- ã ããæå®ããå Žå㯠-i ãæå®ããããšã«ãªããŸããCOMMAND ãæå®ãããªããã°æçµçãªç°å¢å€æ°ã衚瀺ããŸãã
ãã©ã°ã®åŸã«ãªãã·ã§ã³ã§ãã£ãŒã«ãå¹
ãåé²æ°ã§æå®ã§ããŸãããã®åŸã«ãªãã·ã§ã³ã§
以äžã®ããããã®ä¿®é£ŸèŸãæå®ã§ããŸãã
E ã¯ãã±ãŒã«ã§ä»£æ¿ã®è¡šèšããå©çšå¯èœãªæã«ã¯ä»£æ¿è¡šèšãå©çšããŸãã
O ã¯ãã±ãŒã«ã§ä»£æ¿ã®æ°åãå©çšå¯èœãªãšãã«ã¯ä»£æ¿æ°åãå©çšããŸãã
EXPRESSION ãçç¥ããããšããã©ã«ãã§ã¯åœ (false) ã«ãªããŸãããã以å€
ã®å Žå㯠EXPRESSION ãç (true) ãåœ (false) ãã«ãã£ãŠçµäºã¹ããŒã¿ã¹
ãèšå®ãããŸããããã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã¡ã®äžã€ã«ãªããŸã:
ç¹å¥ãªå ŽåãšããŠãcp 㯠-f ãš -b ãªãã·ã§ã³ãäžããããSOURCE ãš DEST ã
åäžãã¡ã€ã«ã§ããæã¯ãSOURCE ã®ããã¯ã¢ãããäœæããŸãã
å€ãã®æŒç®åã¯ã·ã§ã«ã«æž¡ãããã«ãšã¹ã±ãŒããããåŒçšç¬Šã§å²ãå¿
èŠããããŸã.
æ¯èŒã¯ ARG ãããããæ°å€ã§ããã°å€§ããã«ãã, ãã以å€ã®å Žåã«ã¯èŸæžé ã«
ããè¡ãããŸã. ãã¿ãŒã³ç
§åã¯, \( ãš \) ã®é, ãããã¯ãã«æåã«äžèŽãã
æååãè¿ããŸã. \( ãš \) ã䜿ããªãå Žåã¯äžèŽããæåæ°ã 0 ãè¿ããŸã.
TYPE ã b, c, u ã®å Žå㯠MAJOR ãš MINOR ã®äž¡æ¹ãæå®ããªããã°ãããŸãããTYPE ã
p ã®å Žåã¯çç¥ããªããã°ãªããŸãããMAJOR ãš MINOR ã 0x ãŸã㯠0X ã§å§ãŸãå Žåã«
ã¯åå
é²æ°ãšããŠè§£éãããŸãã0 ã§å§ãŸãå Žåã«ã¯å
«é²æ°ã§ããã以å€ã¯åé²æ°ã§è§£é
ãããŸãã TYPE ã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã§ã:
ããã©ã«ãã§ã¯ rm ã¯ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªãåé€ããŸããããã£ã¬ã¯ããªããã®äžèº«å
šãŠã
å«ããŠåé€ãããšãã«ã¯ --recursive (-r ãŸã㯠-R) ãªãã·ã§ã³ã䜿çšããŠãã ããã
--block-size ã§æå®ãã SIZE, %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE ããã³BLOCKSIZE ç°å¢å€æ°
ã®ãã¡ãæåã«æå®ãããŠãããµã€ãºåäœã§å€ã衚瀺ãããŸãããã以å€ã®å Žåãããã©
ã«ãã®åäœã¯ 1024 ãã€ãã«ãªããŸã (POSIXLY_CORRECT ãèšå®ãããŠããå Žå 512 ã
ã€ã)ã
å FLAG ã·ã³ãã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ã:
append è¿œå ã¢ãŒã (åºåã«å¯ŸããŠã®ã¿æå³ãããã conv=notrunc ãæšå¥š)
å MODE 㯠'[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+|[-+=][0-7]+' ã®åœ¢åŒã§ã.
äŸ:
%s -12 file1 file2 file1 ãš file2 ã®äž¡æ¹ã«ååšããè¡ã®ã¿ã衚瀺ãã
%s -3 file1 file2 file1 ã«ååšã㊠file2 ã«ååšããªãè¡ããã³ file2
ã«ååšã㊠file1 ã«ååšããªãè¡ã衚瀺ãã
äŸ:
%s /usr/bin/sort -> "sort"
%s include/stdio.h .h -> "stdio"
%s -s .h include/stdio.h -> "stdio"
%s -a any/str1 any/str2 -> "str1" followed by "str2"
äŸ:
%s f - g æåã« f ã®äžèº«ãåºåãã次ã«æšæºå
¥åãåºåããŸãã
ãã㊠g ã®äžèº«ãåºåããŸãã
%s æšæºå
¥åãæšæºåºåã«è€è£œããŸãã
äŸ:
%s root /u /u ã®ææè
ã "root" ã«å€æŽããŸãã
%s root:staff /u åæ§ã§ãããã°ã«ãŒãã "staff" ã«å€æŽããŸãã
%s -hR root /u /u é
äžã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ææè
ã "root" ã«å€æŽããŸãã
äŸ:
%s staff /u /u ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã "staff" ã«å€æŽããã
%s -hR staff /u /u ããã³ãã®é
äžã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã "staff"
ã«å€æŽããã
äŸ:
ãšãã㯠(1970-01-01 UTC) ããã®ç§æ°ãæ¥æã«å€æããå Žå
$ date --date='@2147483647'
ç±³åœè¥¿æµ·å²žã®ã¿ã€ã ãŸãŒã³ã§æ¥æã衚瀺ããå Žå (TZ ãæ¢ãã«ã¯ tzselect(1) ã䜿çšããŸã)
$ TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date
ããŒã«ã«æéã®æ¬¡ã®éææ¥åå9æãç±³åœè¥¿æµ·å²žã®ã¿ã€ã ãŸãŒã³ã§è¡šç€ºããå Žå
$ date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'
-h ããã³ -L ãé€ããå
šãŠã® FILE é¢é£ã®ãã¹ãã¯ã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ã蟿ããŸãã
å°æ¬åŒ§ã¯ã·ã§ã«ã«å¯Ÿã㊠(ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥ãªã©ã«ãã£ãŠ) ãšã¹ã±ãŒããå¿
èŠãªããš
ã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããINTEGER ã¯æååã®é·ããè¿ã -l STRING ã䜿ãããšãå¯èœã§ãã
çµäºã¹ããŒã¿ã¹ã¯ EXPRESSION ã null, 0 以å€ã®å Žå㯠0ãEXPRESSION ã null, 0 ã®å Žåã¯1ã
EXPRESSION ãæ§æãšã©ãŒã®å Žå㯠2ããã®ä»ã®ãšã©ãŒãçºçããå Žå㯠3ã
çµäºã¹ããŒã¿ã¹:
0 æ£åžžçµäºã
1 軜埮ãªåé¡ãçºç (äŸ: åãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããªã)ã
2 é倧ãªåé¡ãçºç (äŸ: ã³ãã³ãåŒæ°ã誀ã£ãŠãã)ã
FORMAT ã«ãã£ãŠ C èšèªã® printf ã®ããã«åºå圢åŒãå¶åŸ¡ããŸãã解éããã
æååã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã§ã:
\" ããã«ã¯ã©ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³
FORMAT ã§åºåãå¶åŸ¡ããŸãã解éãããæååã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã§ãã
%% æå %
%a ãã±ãŒã«è¡šç€ºã«ããææ¥ã®çç¥å (äŸ: Sunãæ¥)
æšæºå
¥åãšã€ãªãã£ã端æ«ãå¶åŸ¡ããŸããåŒæ°ãæå®ããªãå Žåã
ããŒã¬ãŒããåç·å¶åŸ¡èŠåããã³ stty sane ããã®ããã衚瀺ããŸãã
èšå®ã®éã«ã¯ã CHAR ã¯æåéãã«æ±ããããã ^c, 0x37, 0177 ãŸã㯠127
ã®ããã«ã³ãŒãåãããŸããç¹å¥ãªå€ ^- ãŸã㯠undef ã¯ç¹æ®æåãç¡å¹ã«
ããã®ã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã
-e ãæå¹ãªå Žåã以äžã®ã·ãŒã±ã³ã¹ã解éãããŸãã
åè: [ ã§ã¯ --help ããã³ --version ãªãã·ã§ã³ã䜿ããŸãããtest ã§ã¯
䜿ããŸããã test ã¯ãããã空ã§ãªã STRING ãšããŠæ±ããŸãã
泚æ: 䜿çšããŠããã·ã§ã«ã«ãã£ãŠã¯çµã¿èŸŒã¿ã³ãã³ããšã㊠%s ãæã£ãŠããå Žå
ããããéåžžã¯ããã§èšè¿°ããŠããããŒãžã§ã³ããåªå
çã«äœ¿çšãããŸããã·ã§ã«ã®
ææžãåç
§ããŠãªãã·ã§ã³ãªã©ã®è©³çŽ°ã確èªããŠãã ããã
ãã¡ã€ã«ã®åé€ã« rm ã䜿ã£ãå Žåãååãªå°éæ§ãšæéãããã°ããã¡ã€ã«å
容
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ã§ãããããããªããšããããšã«ã¯çæããŠãã ããããããã¡ã€ã«
å
容ãæ¬åœã«åŸ©å
äžå¯èœã«ããä¿èšŒãåŸãããã°ãshred ã®å©çšãèããŠãã ããã
-d ãš -t ãªãã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ç°ãªã£ãæ¥æã®åœ¢åŒãåãä»ããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
泚: æ¯èŒã®åªå
é äœãšæ¹æ³ã¯ 'LC_COLLATE' ã§æå®ããŸãã
SETTING ã®åã« - ãä»ãããšãåŠå®ãè¡šããŸãã * (ã¢ã¹ã¿ãªã¹ã¯) 衚瀺㯠POSIX
ã«èŠå®ãããŠããªãèšå®ãè¡šããŸãã䜿çšããŠããã·ã¹ãã ã«ãã£ãŠå©çšå¯èœãª SETTING
ã決ãŸããŸãã
ãã以å€ã®å Žå㯠MODE ã«æ°å€ãæå®ããŸããæ°å€ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®åæ°ãæå®ããããšãã§ããŸã:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, ãã®ä» G, T, P, E, Z, Y ãªã©ã
察å¿ããã¹ããªãŒã ã« MODE ãã€ãã®ãµã€ãºãå²ãåœãŠããããããã¡ãèšå®ãããŸãã
EXPRESSION ã®å€ãæšæºåºåã«åºåããŸããäžèšã¯åªå
é äœã°ã«ãŒãæ¯ã«ç©ºçœè¡
ã§åºåã£ãŠæé ã«äžŠã¹ãŠããŸãã EXPRESSION ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 ã null, 0 ã§ç¡ãå Žå㯠ARG1ãããã§ãªããã° ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 äž¡æ¹ã®åŒæ°ã null, 0 ã§ç¡ãå Žå㯠ARG1 ããã§ãªããã° 0
ãã°ãçºèŠããã <%s> ã«å ±åããŠäžããã
翻蚳ã«é¢ãããã°ã¯ã«å ±åããŠãã ããã
SET ã¯æååã«ãã£ãŠæå®ããŸããå€ãã®å Žåãã®æåèªèº«ãè¡šçŸããŸãã
解éã®ããæ¹ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ã:
\NNN æåã®å
«é²æ°è¡šçŸ(1 ãã 3 åã® å
«é²æ°)
\\ ããã¯ã¹ã©ãã·ã¥
\a ãã«
\b ããã¯ã¹ããŒã¹
\f ãã©ãŒã ãã£ãŒã
\n æ¹è¡
\r 埩垰
\t æ°Žå¹³ã¿ã
以äžã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯ -R ãªãã·ã§ã³ãšäœµããŠæå®ããããšãã«ã©ã®ããã«éå±€ã
暪æãããã®åäœãå€æŽããŸãã2å以äžæå®ããããšãã¯æåŸã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã®
ã¿æå¹ã«ãªããŸãã
-H ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³åŒæ°ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«å¯Ÿããã·ã³ã
ãªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ã®å Žåã«ããªã³ã¯ã蟿ã
-L ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«å¯Ÿããã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ã«ééã
ãæã«ã¯å
šãŠèŸ¿ã
-P ã·ã³ããªãã¯ãªã³ã¯ã蟿ããªã (ããã©ã«ã)
-bã -c ãŸã㯠-f ã¯ãã äžã€ã®ã¿ããããå¿
ã䜿çšããŠãã ãããå
LIST ã¯ã³ã³ãã§åºåãããåäžãŸãã¯è€æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§æ§æãããŸããéžæ
ããå
¥åã¯èªã¿èŸŒãŸããé çªã§ãã äžåºŠã ãåºåãããŸãã
ããã©ã«ããŸã㯠--color=never ãæå®ããå Žåããã¡ã€ã«ã®çš®é¡ãå€å¥ããããã®
ã«ã©ãŒè¡šç€ºã¯ç¡å¹ãšãªããŸãã --color=auto ãæå®ããå Žåãæšæºåºåã端æ«ã«æ¥ç¶
ãããŠããå Žåã®ã¿ã«ã©ãŒã³ãŒããåºåããŸããLS_COLORS ç°å¢å€æ°ã«ãã£ãŠåäœ
ãèšå®ã§ããŸããLS_COLORS ãèšå®ããå Žå㯠dircolors ã䜿çšããŠãã ããã
FILE ã®æå®ããªãã£ãã, - ã§ãã£ãå Žå, æšæºå
¥åããèªã¿èŸŒã¿ãŸã.
ãªãã·ã§ã³ãç¡ãå Žåã3åã®åºåãçæããŸãã1åç®ã¯ FILE1 ã®ã¿ã«å«ãŸ
ããè¡ã2åç®ã¯ FILE2 ã®ã¿ã«å«ãŸããè¡ã3åç®ã¯äž¡æ¹ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã«å«ãŸã
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